Polymer-based Electrochemical Sensor: Fast, Accurate, and Simple Insulin Diagnostics Tool

Abstract Study of the use polymers with higher conductivity like polypyrrole, and polyaniline in electrochemical insulin sensors can overcome drawbacks arising from ongoing non-conductive polymer membrane. Conductive membranes maintain positive properties polymers, improved stability, reproducibility, even increase current response prepared sensor toward oxidation. Three different screen-printed electrodes modified polyaniline, or chitosan electrochemically deposited nickel nanoparticles ensuring oxidation were prepared. The electrode morphology was examined via SEM EDX analysis. Also, electroactive surface area stability determined by voltammetric methods. Based on results, SPCEs polypyrrole as most appropriate for determination. NiNPs-PPy-SPCE exhibited a linear range (500 nM–5 µM), low-down limit detection (38 nM), high sensitivity (3.98 µA/µM), excellent result determination real samples (human blood serum). results confirmed potential developed future research focused electrochemistry methods clinical samples. Graphical